Maglev (short for MAGnetic LEVitation) is a way of propelling a vehicle along using magnets rather than wheels and axles. A maglev vehicle is levitated a short distance using magnets to create forces of both lift and thrust. High-speed maglev trains may one day revolutionize transport across the world. Compared to wheeled trains, they move more smoothly and quietly, their acceleration is much greater and their energy consumption lower. They are also unaffected by poor weather conditions.

How maglevs work

A maglev train works on the principle that “like” magnetic poles push each other apart and "opposite" magnetic poles are attracted to each other. Powerful magnets fixed to the track push and pull those fixed to the train in such a way that the train continually moves forwards while being suspended above the track. Because there is little friction between train and track, maglevs can reach high speeds. Magnets lift a maglev train about a centimetre above the track. In some systems, support wheels are necessary.
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The Shanghai Maglev is the world's fastest passenger train currently in operation, with a top speed of 431 kilometres per hour (268 mph). It is also the world's first commercial maglev train service. The train line connects Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Longyang Road station. The journey takes 8 minutes and 10 seconds to complete the distance of 30 kilometres (18.6 miles). The train can reach its maximum cruising speed of 300 km/h (186 mph) in 2 minutes and 15 seconds.

CRRC 600

The Chinese state-owned manufacturer, CRRC, began testing a new maglev train in 2021. The 600 is designed to run at speeds of up to 600 km/h (about 370 mph) on a line under construction between Changsha and Liuyang in Hunan province. Passengers on test runs have commented on the quietness and smoothness of the ride. Engineers are countering the problem of sonic booms (shock waves) that occur as the train exits the mouths of tunnels by placing soundproofing buffers next to the track.