EASY READ The human body
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What is blood made of?
Blood carries food and oxygen all around the body and takes away waste substances. Pumped by the heart, blood travels through a complicated network of blood vessels to reach every cell in the body. Seen through a microscope, blood is made up of millions of tiny cells floating in a yellowish, watery fluid called plasma. Nutrients from your food are dissolved in the plasma, while oxygen is carried by the red blood cells.
Blood cells
Blood contains three types of cell: red cells, white cells and platelets. Red cells are used for carrying oxygen. They are shaped like round inflatable boats. They contain haemoglobin, a substance that combines easily with oxygen. White cells fight infection from bacteria or viruses that have invaded the bloodstream. They find the invaders, surround them and swallow them up.
Mending a cut
Platelets make the blood clot when a blood vessel is damaged. They clump together around the cut to plug the leak. They then make a sticky net to trap the red blood cells. A clot forms. This dries to form a hard scab. Underneath the scab, new skin cells grow and the cut heals.
Making blood cells
Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. This is a jelly-like substance found in the insides of some of your bones. The new cells enter the bloodstream through the blood vessels that run through the bones.
Consultant: Kristina Routh
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